gaji ke 13

Liputan6.com, Jakarta - Presiden Joko Widodo telah menandatangani Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 38 Tahun 2015 tentang Pemberian Gaji/Pensiun/Tunjangan Bulan Ketiga Belas dalam Tahun Anggaran 2015 kepada Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS), anggota TNI, anggota Polri, pejabat negara, dan penerima pensiun/tunjangan. PP yang diteken pada pada tanggal 4 Juni 2015 itu diterbitkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan aparatur negara. “Besarnya gaji/pensiun/tunjangan bulan ketiga belas adalah sebesar penghasilan pada bulan Juni 2015,” bunyi Pasal 3 Ayat (1) PP tersebut dilansir dari laman Setkab.go.id, Rabu (10/6/2015). Dalam hal penghasilan sebulan yang diterima pada Juni 2015 belum dibayarkan sebesar hak yang seharusnya diterima, menurut PP ini, kepada yang bersangkutan tetap diberikan selisih kekurangan gaji/pensiun/tunjangan bulan ketiga belas. Penghasilan dimaksud bagi PNS, anggota TNI, anggota Polri, dan Pejabat Negara meliputi gaji pokok, tunjangan keluarga, tunjangan jabatan/tunjangan umum, dan tunjangan kinerja. Sedang bagi penerima pensiun meliputi pensiun pokok, tunjangan keluarga, dan tunjangan tambahan penghasilan. Sementara untuk penerima tunjangan hanya menerima tunjangan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Tidak termasuk ke dalam jenis penghasilan yang mendapatkan gaji ke-13 ini adalah tunjangan bahaya, tunjangan resiko, tunjangan pengamanan, tunjangan profesi/tunjangan khusus Guru dan Dosen/tunjangan kehormatan, tambahan penghasilan bagi Guru PNS, insentif Khusus, dan tunjangan lain yang sejenis dengan tunjangan kompensasi/bahaya serta tunjangan/insentif yang ditetapkan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan atau pengaturan internal Kementerian/Lembaga. Pasal 4 Ayat (2) PP Nomor 38 Tahun 2015 itu disebutkan pemberian gaji/pensiun/tunjangan bulan ketiga belas akan dibayarkan pada bulan Juli 2015. "Dalam hal pemberian gaji/pensiun/tunjangan. bulan ketiga belas belum dapat dibayarkan pada bulan Juli 2015, pembayaran dilakukan setelah bulan Juli 2015,” bunyi pasal tersebut. Pembayaran gaji ke-13 ini dibebankan pada instansi atau lembaga tempat PNS, anggota TNI, anggota Polri/Pejabat Negara bekerja. (Ndw/Nrm)

noun

Noun Phrases NOUN PHRASES Suatu frasa (=phrase) adalah sekelompok kata yang di dalamnya terdapat satu kata pokok (=headword) dengan kata-kata yang lain menerangkan kata pokok tersebut. Frasa Benda (Noun Pharases) : Suatu frasa benda adalah suatu frasa di mana kata pokoknya adalah kata benda dengan kata-kata lain yang menerangkan kata benda tersebut. Kata atau kata-kata yang menerangkan ini bisa terletak di depan atau di belakang kata benda itu. Pembentukan Frasa Benda : Frasa benda bisa di bentuk dengan susunan kata-kata seperti berikut : 1. a) Idefinite Article + Noun yang di maksud dengan Idefinite article adalah kata (sandang) a dan an. Contoh : a truck an examination an investment Rangkaian kata a truck adalah suatu frasa kata benda, a menerangkan kata benda truck ; truck adalah kata kepala (headword) dalam frasa tersebut, a adalah kata yang menerangkan kata kepala. Penjelasan : # a atau an artinya satu (sebuah, sebutir, sebatang, seekor, dsb) dan diletakkan di depan kata benda yang di terangkan. # a digunakan apabila kata yang mengikutinya berawal dengan bunyi mati, misalnya : a man, a star dll. An digunakan apabila kata berikunya berawalan dengan bunyi hidup, misalnya : an astrich, an exam, dll. # a atau an hanya diikuti oleh kat benda yang bisa dihitung (countable nouns) dan jumlahnya satu atau kata benda tunggal (singular). b) Definite Article + Noun yang dimaksud dengan Definite article adalah kata sandang The. Contoh : the ship the soup the cars the model Rangkaian kata kata dia atas adalah frasa benda. The menarangkan kata benda ship, soup, cars model. Kata-kata ship, soup, cars,model adalah kata-kata kepala ; the menerangkan kata kepala. Penjelasan : # the sering diartikan : tersebut, itu, tadi. # the bisa diikuti oleh benda yang jumlahnya satu atau tunggal, misalnya the sea, the process, dll; atau diikuti oleh benda yang jumlahnya lebih dari satu atau jamak, misalnya the people, the poets,dll; dan bisa pula diikuti oleh benda yang tak bisa dihitung, misalnya the water, the nitrogen. c) Demonstrative Adjective + Noun yang dimaksud dengan demonstrative adjective adalah kata this, these, that, dan those. Contoh : This song That poem those disasters That stranger These tragedies this liquid Penjelasan : # This dan that digunakan bila bendanya tunggal atau bila bendanya tak bisa dihitung ; these dan those bila bendanya jamak. d) Possesive Adjective + Noun yang dimaksud dengan possessive adjective adalah kata-kata yang menyatakan pemilik sesuatu, misalnya my, yours, his, her, its, our, their, jean’s, Mr.Jones’, dab. Contoh : Her computers your ideas brittany’s question Penjelasan : # Orang atau sesuatu yang menjadi pemilik sesuatu dinyatakan dengan ‘s , misalnya Han’s house, the sun’s energy, dll. # Bila pemiliknya sudah berakhir dengan –s , tambahkan saja tanda (‘) tanpa –s, misalnya Hans’ racket, students’, dsb. 2. Numerals (kata bilangan) Yang dimaksud dengan numerals adalah one, two, three, ten, dst. Contoh : two tympanis (=dua buah timpani) Four members (=empat orang anggota) Three guest (=ketiga tamu) 3. Quantitative adjective + Noun Adalah kata yang menyatakan banyaknya suatu benda, misalnya some, any, much, many, a lot of, few, a little, dsb. Contoh : some marvels much wine many wife Penjelasan : # Some dan any berarti ‘beberapa’ atau ‘sedikit’. Some dan any digunakan untuk menerangkan semua benda (singular, plural, countable, uncountable). # much dan many berarti banyak. Much untuk menerangkan uncountable nouns ; many untuk countable nouns. # a lot of untuk menerangkan benda jamak dan uncountable nouns. # few and a little berarti sedikit (lebih sedikit daripada some atau any). Few untuk menerangkan plural nouns ; a little untuk menerangkan uncountable nouns. 4. Qualitative adjective + Noun Adalah kata yang menunjukan sifat atau keadaan suatu benda, misalnya : white, large, important, harmless, dsb. Contoh : kind treatments clear sky underpaid works Pembentukan Noun phrase dengan of Of digunakan untuk menggabung dua nouns atau noun phrases, dimana noun yang di depan merupakan bagian dari atau milik noun di belakang of dan keseluruhannya membentuk noun phrases baru ; frase benda ini masih bisa dihubungkan dengan of dengan frasa lain hingga tak terbatas. Contoh : the roof of the house (=atap rumah) N. phrases N. phrases

tesis

Rumus 16 tenses beserta contoh Posted by YogieTKJ On Rabu, 29 Agustus 2012 12 komentar Sobat enterkey seperti kita ketahui bahwa Tenses adalah bentuk waktu yang biasa kita gunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Karena dengan Tenses kita bisa menggunakan kalimat yang sesuai dengan keadaan. Misalnya, keadaan yang biasa kita lakukan, sedang berlangsung,akan kita lakukan ,lampau dan lain-lain. Pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan untuk suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan kebiasaan, berbeda dengan pemakaian kata kerja yang dipergunakan dalam kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung dan kata kerja di pergunakan untuk perbuatan lampau, itu juga berbeda. Tapi, kita harus ingat Cuma yang beda hanya bentuknya saja. Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan “16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan bentuk-bentuk waktu berikut: 1 PRESENT TENSE 2 PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE 3 PAST TENSE 4 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE 5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE 6 PAST FUTURE TENSE 7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 8 PAST PERFECT TENSE 9 FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE 10 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 11 PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 12 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 13 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE 14 FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSE 15 FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSE 16 FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh tenses sebagai berikut: PRESENT TENSES *Rumus: 1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O 2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O 3) Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He writes a letter every month (-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month (?) Dors he writes a letter every month? 2. (+) She teaches English every week (- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week (?) Does she teaches English every week? 3.(+) They studys matematic every day (- ) They don’t studys matematic every day (?) Do they studys matematic every day? 4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday (- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday (?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday? 5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years (- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years (? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years? B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES 1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan: Ex:(+) He is works every day (-) He is not works every day (?) Is he works every day? 2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum: Ex:(+) A week has seven day (-) A week has not seven day (?) Has a week seven day? C. Time Signal 1. Usually Ex: I usually get up at 5 o’clock 2. Always Ex: I always drink milk 3. Often Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house 4. Generally Ex: A rectangular has four corner 5. Seldom Ex: She seldom goes to school by car PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif : S+V.ing+O 2. Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI (?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI? 2. (+) you are writing present continous now (-) you are not writing present continous now (?) are you writing present continous now? 3. (+) we are learning tenses now (-) we are not learning tenses now (?) are we learning tenses now? 4. (+) I am going to school now (-) I am not going to school now (?) Am I going to school now? 5. (+) Daus and Anis are running now (-) Daus and Anis are not running now (?) are Daus and Anis running now? B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi Ex: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now (-) I am not going to Jakarta now (?) Am I going to Jakarta now? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara Ex: (+) Chindy is writing now but he will explain soon (-) Chindy is not writing now but he will explain soon (?) Is Chindy writing now but he will explain soon? C.TIME SIGNAL 1. Today Ex : Iam today teaching English 2. Right now Ex : Rini is working right now 3. When Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park 4. Now Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now 5. Still Ex : He is still angry to me PAST TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) Sarah invite me last week (-) Sarah did not invite last week (?) Did Sarah invite last week? 2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday (-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday (?) went I to Jakarta yesterday? 3. (+) You watch tv last week (-) You did not watch tv last week (?) Did you watch tv last week? 4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week (-) I wrote not letter her last week (?) Wrotw I letter her last week? 5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock (-) It did not rain since at five o’clock (?) Did it rain since at five o’clock? B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini , sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkali-kali atau sekali. Ex: (+) I went yesterday (-) I did not went yesterday (?) Did I went yesterday? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Year Ex: I went to Yogjakarta last year 2. Yesterday Ex: Dini went to my home yesterday 3. Last Week Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week 4. Ago Ex: She taught English three days ago 5. Last Saturday Ex: I went to here last Saturday PAST CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o 3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o *Examp;e: 1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday (-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday (?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday? 2. (+) He was playing football yesterday (-) He was not playing football yesterday (?) was he playing football yesterday? 3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday (-) They were not working in the office yesterday (?) Were they working in the office yesterday? 4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday (-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday (?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday? 5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten O’clock last Friday (-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday (?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday? B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain (-) I was not going to garden when it began to rain (?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) at three o’clock last week, She was reading (-) at three o’clock last week,She was not reading (?) at three o’clock last week,was she reading? c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau. Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter (-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter (?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last Week Ex: at seven o’clock last week 2. Yesterday Ex: all day yesterday SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O 2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning (?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning? 2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth (-) I shall not study hard next mounth (?) Shall I study hard next mounth? 3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow (-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow (?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow? 4. (+) She will write this lesson next week (-) She will not write this lesson next week (?) will She write this lesson next week? 5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow? B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES a. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan. Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow (-) I shall not go to Surakarta tomorrow (?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow? b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji. Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow (-) I shall not give you book tomorrow (?) Shall I give you book tomorrow? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat: Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams (-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams (?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams? d. Digunakan untuk menyantks\an meminta tolong kepada seseorang. Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table (-) You will not help me lift this table (?) Will you help me lift this table? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Tomorrow Ex: I shall work tomorrow 2. next week Ex: I shall teach next week 3. Next Mounth Ex: He will study in here next mounth PAST FUTURE TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O *Example: 1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day (-) I should not go to Mojosari next day (?) Should I go to Mojosari next day? 2. (+) He would by a car the day before (-) He would not by a car the day before (?) Would He by a car the day before? 3. (+) He would come if you invited him (-) He would not come if you invited him (?) Would he come if you invited him? 4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday (-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday (?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday? 5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven (-) She would not have breakfast before at seven (?) Would she have breakfast before at seven? B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau. Ex: (+) I should go to England last year (-) I should not go to England last year (?) Should I go to England last year? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Last year Ex: He would go to Semarang last year 2. Last week Ex: They would trip a Paris last week 3. Before Ex: I should by a car the day before 4. Next day Ex: She should go to Riau next day 5. Invited Ex: They would come if you invited him PRESENT PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O 2. Negatif (-) : S+have/has+not+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) We have learned English for two years (-) We have not learned English for two years (?) Have we learned English for two years? 2. (+) She has taught English since 1988 (-) She has not taught English since 1988 (?) Has she taught English since 1988? 3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before (-) He has not been to Jakarta before (?) Has he been to Jakarta before? 4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes (-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes (?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes? 5. (+) I have just spoken to him (-) I have not just spoken to him (?) Have I just spoken to him? B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu). Ex: (+) I have gone to school (-) I have not gone to school (?) Have I gone to school? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Ex: (+) I have learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (-) I have not learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000 (?) Have I learned in the 2 Mei school since 2000? c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi. Ex: (+) I have just read my book (-) I have not just read my book (?) Have I just read my book? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Already Ex: have had breakfast already 2. Three Times Ex: I have been drink medicine three times a day 3. Finally Ex: finally, He has started to finally PAST PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O 2. Negatif (-): S+had not+V3+o 3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) The train had left before I arrived (-) The train had not left before I arrived (?) Had the train left before I arrived? 2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home (-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home (?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home? 3. (+) I had come home before I week three (-) I had not come home before I week three (?) Had I come home before I week three? 4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me (-) I had not written a lesson before he called me (?) Had I written a lesson before he called me? 5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car (-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car (?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car? B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau. Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three (-) I had not come home before I when three (?) Had I come home before I when three? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa yang lampau. Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here (-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here (?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. On Ex: On sunday morning, I painted my car 2. When Ex: When my brother arrived, I had painted my car 3. Before Ex: The train had left before I arrived 4. After Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four? 2. (+) I shall be studying at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow? 3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening (-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening (?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening? 4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow (-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow (?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow? 5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven o’clcok tomorrow (-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow (?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow? B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana, yang dilaksanakan mendatang. Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (-) I will not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow (?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow? b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa mendatang. Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow (-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow (?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven o’clock tomorrow? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. At nine a o’clock tomorrow Ex: I shall be working at nine a o’clock tomorrow morning 2. At this time next year Ex: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in Japan PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+have/has+been+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O 3. Itrogatif (?): Have/has+S+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002 (?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002? 2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003 (?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003? 3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time (-) She has not painting every day for a long time (?) Has she painting every day or along time? 4. (+) It has been raining since at six o’clock (-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock (?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock? 5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child (-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child (?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child? B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990 (?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990? b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan berlangsung sampiai sekarang. Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000 (-) I have not been studying here since 2000 (?) Have I been studying here since 2000? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. Since Ex: We have been waiting for you since ne o’clock 2. For Ex: She has been studying English for over five tears 3. This mounth Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O 2. Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o *Example: 1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her (-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her (?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her? 2. (+) I had been playing a football when they came (-) I had not been playing a football when they came (?) Had I been playing a football when they came? 3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came (-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came (?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came? 4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours (-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours (?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours? 5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven o’clock (-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock (?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock? B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung lama sebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga. Ex: (+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (-) I had not been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet (?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. When Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been FUTURE PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O 2. negatif (-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O 3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O *Example: 1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out (-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out (?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out? 2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get three (-) The game will not finished by the time he get three (?) Will the game finished by the time he get three? 3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow (-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow (?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow? 4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came (-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came (?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came? 5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house (-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house (?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang. Ex: (+) By next week he will have read this book (-) By next week he will not have read this book (?) Will by next week he have read trhis book? b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain, dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house (-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house (?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house? C.TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of Ex: John will have done his work by the end of this week 2. By next Ex: By next week he will have read this book FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O 3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O *Example: 1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow (?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow? 2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths (-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths (?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths? 3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years (-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years (?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years? 4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years (-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year (?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year? 5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow (?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES a. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for five year C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this year Ex: by the end of this year we shall have been studying Jerman for four year 2. By the end of this month Ex: By the end of this month, I shall have been working in this office for five years FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+be+Ving+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week (-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week (?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week? 2. (+) We should be going to beach the following week (-) We should not be going to beach the following week (?) Should we be going to beach the following week? 3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day (-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day (?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day? 4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon (-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon (?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon? 5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year (-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year (?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau. Ex: I should be taking an examination at this time the following day C. TIME SIGNAL Last week Ex: At six o’clock last week, I should be buying in this supermarket FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+V2+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O 3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O *Example: 1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here (-) I should not have paif if I had come here (?) Should I have paif if I had come here? 2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here (-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here (?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here? 3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard (-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard (?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard? 4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here (-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here (?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here? 5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here (-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here (?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya sebagai bayangan saja. Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard (-) He would not have graduated if he had studied hard (?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. If he had studied hard Ex: They would have graduated if they had studied hard FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES *Rumus: 1. Positif (+): S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O 2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O 3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O *Example: 1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year (-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year (?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year? 2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this school for three years (-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year (?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years? 3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years (-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years (?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years? 4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday (?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday? 5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis (-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis (?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis? B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau. Ex: (+) By last lebaran I should have been working in that office for five years (-) By last lebaran I should not have been working in that office for five years (?) Should by last lebaran I have been working in that office for five years? C. TIME SIGNAL 1. By the end of this week Ex: By the ed of this week, I should have come here 2. By the end of this mounth Ex: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated studied